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> > > PIPE CALCULATION METHODS > > The following calculation methods are used in N P S. (All units are normalized by N P S to ensure dimensional correctness). > > wall_thickness = (outside_diameter - inside_diameter) / 2 > > > bore_area = (pi / 4) x (inside_diameter) ^ 2 > > > wall_area = [(pi / 4) x (outside_diameter) ^ 2] - bore_area > > > linear_weight = wall_area x unit_length x material_density > > > section_modulus = pi x [(outside_diameter^4) - (inside_diameter^4)] > ------------------------------------------------------------------- > [32 x outside_diameter] > > > moment_of_inertia = pi x [(outside_diameter^4) - (inside_diameter^4)] > ------------------------------------------------------------------- > 64 > > > radius_of_gyration = [(outside_diameter^2) + (inside_diameter^2)] ^0.5 > --------------------------------------------------------------------- > 4 > > > material_density = density of the piping material. For a list of the densities used, see the HELP screen on the main N P S program. > > vol_flow_capacity = bore_area x flow_velocity > > mass_flow_capacity = vol_flow_capacity x water_density > > flow_velocity = 1 foot/second for US and Imperial units > = 1 metre/second for Metric units > > water_density = 0.03613 pounds/cubic inch for US and Imperial units > = 1 gram/cubic centimetre for Metric units > > > > The following constants are used for conversions between US, Imperial and Metric units: > > 1 foot = 0.3048 metre > > 1 inch = 2.54 cm > > 1 US gal = 3.785 litres > > 1 Imp gal = 4.54 litres > > 1 US petroleum barrel = 42 US gal > > 1 US liquid barrel = 31.5 US gal > > 1 pound = 0.454 kg > > 1 ton = 2000 pounds > > 1 tonne = 1000 kg > > > Additional constants used: > > pi = 3.14159 > >
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